The chest, and people measure the neck
A collar is sized on the neck. A harness is sized on the chest, and anyone who has only ever bought collars reaches for the neck out of habit. That single mistake sends people two sizes too small, and it is by some distance the most common thing that goes wrong here.
The number a harness needs is the girth of the ribcage at its widest point, just behind the front legs, taken with the dog standing rather than sitting. A sitting dog's ribcage is a different shape from the one that will be wearing the harness.
Too big is the dangerous direction
On a collar the worry is tightness, because a tight collar restricts the throat. On a harness it reverses. A harness that is too loose is one a dog can back out of, and a frightened dog reverses out of a slack harness in a couple of seconds. It happens at a roadside rather than in a garden, which is the whole reason this is worth a section.
Two fingers flat under the straps, no more. Then test it by pulling backwards on the lead, standing still, before you trust it outdoors. A harness that looks right and has never been pull-tested is a harness you are guessing about.
Weight is not the input
Plenty of harness charts offer weight, because weight is the number owners know without fetching a tape. It is a proxy and not a good one: two dogs at 60 lb can be several inches apart at the chest depending on build, and the harness only cares about the girth it has to close around.
Weight is the right input for some things. Diaper sizing genuinely runs on weight, because absorbency scales with what a body produces. A harness runs on a circumference, and circumference is what you have to go and measure.
A puppy is the worst case for breed sizing
Nearly every breed-specific harness search is about a puppy. It is also the case where the breed answer is least useful, because the breed describes an adult chest the dog will not have for the better part of a year.
Worse than on a collar, in fact. A puppy fills out through the chest faster than through the neck, so a harness bought with room to grow is loose in exactly the direction that lets the puppy escape it. Buy cheap, buy adjustable, expect to do it three or four times, and re-check by pulling every couple of weeks.
Why chest girth varies more than neck girth
Harness returns are more common than collar returns, and the reason is anatomical rather than commercial. Build, sex and condition all move a dog's chest measurement, while the neck stays comparatively stable within a breed. Two Labradors at the same weight can be a harness size apart and the same collar size.
That is why the breed mode here gives a wider range than the collar page does, and why the tape matters more, not less, when you already know the breed.
Harness or collar?
Most dogs end up with both. A collar carries identification and is sized on the neck. A harness spreads pulling force across the ribcage and is sized on the chest. For a dog that pulls, the harness is kinder to the throat. For flat-faced breeds it is closer to a requirement than a preference, since those dogs have compromised airways before you add any pressure at all.
Two garments, two measurements, and no way to derive one from the other. That is the same principle as everywhere else on this site: size by the measurement the thing actually uses, and treat any chart, this one included, as the size to try first.